Why does my laptop partially work on WiFi's that are NOT my home WiFi?

[Microsoft Windows]

This only started recently. When I'm at home, my laptop works just fine, but once I'm on someone else's WiFi or my school's WiFi, my laptop picks and chooses what it allows to work. For example, I try to open Discord using the app, but its forever loading. However, I can access it just fine using its website. With Roblox, the website doesnt work; it gives me an error that says, "Failed to download or apply critical settings, please check your internet connection." It works perfectly fine on the Roblox app, though. When I'm connected to my school's WiFi, absolutely NOTHING works. It's as if im

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